Around 50 years ago, scientists convincingly linked HPV infection to cervical cancer. As a result, the cervical cancer incidence in the U.S. has been reduced by 74% after implementation of routine cervical cancer screening either by Pap smear or HPV testing. HPV infection has also been linked to the development of oral cancer, and the incidence of HPV-associated oral cancer now surpasses the incidence of cervical cancer. The incidence of HPV-associated oral cancer is increasing each year and is 3 times more common in males than in females.